re 
39. 6S /¥: 
But 62 
Bulletin No. 62 February 3, 1923. 
M. M. LEIGHTO™ 
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 


DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS 
James F, Woodward, Secretary 


gt a ne ce en nt ag ee ae, 


BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
George H. Ashley, State Geologist 





co te 


(eee ee 
ee eee = ate ey 





—— 





ROCKS OF THE McCALLS FERRY QUADRANGLE, PENNA. 


By Anna I. Jonas 


Invroduction, 


The McCalls Ferry quadrangle lies be ween Lancaster and Peach 
Botton. Susquehanna River, which’crosses the quadrangle from the 
morthnwest to the southeast corner, divides it almos equally between 
York and Lancaster counvies, The geologic mapping of the area was 
done in cooperation between the United States Geological Survey and 
the Topographic and Geological Survey of Pennsylvania and represents 
the joint work of Eleanora Bliss Knopr and Anna I, Jonas, 


Drainage » 


The quadrangle lies within the upland plateau region of south- 
eastern Pennsylvania, The most conspicuous feature of the area is 
the Susquehanna Hiver. t flows southcastward in a rocky gorge cut 
to a depth of several hundred fcet below the surrounding upland 
Surface. Since the days of the Indian the river has. been used as a 

9 highway of travel. In the 19th century the York County Tidewater 

Canal was a busy artery of transportation but after the building of 
the Columbia and Port Desosit branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad on 
the Lancaster County side, the canal fell into disuse, 


The Susquehanna is a turbulent river that flows for the most 
i, part in a rocky channel occupying about one-fourth of the width of 
Hee iy the river's bed. The fall is 120 feet in 23 miles across this area, 
an average fall of 5,2 feet to the mile. Some of the water powcr of 
the river was harnassed in:1905 when the dam and hydroelectric plant 
was built at McCalls Ferry, 23 miles above tidewater. From this 
plant, which has’8 main generator units with a total capacity of 
86,000 kilowatts, the Pennsylvania Water and Power Company supplies 





electricity to the cities of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore, 
Maryland, and Edgewater Proving Grounds, Maryland. 


The most important tributaries of the Suscuehanna are Conestoga, 
Pequea and Mudéy Creeks on the Lancaster County side, Fishing, Otter 
and Muddy Creeks on the York County side. 


The Rocks. 


The rocks of this area were deposited as sediments in bodics of 
water, Material derived from the wearing away of a land surface was 
carried by the rivers in suspension or solution and deposited in the 
Sea either ag gravel, sand, silt or limy mud. Later it was consoli- 
dated and hardened by pressure of the overlying beds and by heat from 
the interior of the earth. Had the processes of change stopped at 
this point the resultant rocks would have been arkose, sandstone, 
Shale and limestone, But the rocks have undergone various alterations 
that resulted in the complete recrystallization of the original mineral 
constituents and the formation of textures that are different from 
those of the original sediments, Such recrystallized rocks are known 
as schists. A schist is a metamorphic rock possessing a foliated 
structure that causes it to split readily along planes approximately 
parallel, The rocks of this area are, for the most part, crystalline 
schists, . 


The oldest rocks in this region are the Wissahickon schist and 
the Peters Creek quartzite and schist. They belong to one of the 
oldest eras of geological history, the pre-Cambrian, The Wissahickon 
schist of this area is the northern phase of the Wissahickon mica- 
eneiss of the Fhiladelphia region. It is typically developed in the 
Tucquan anticline which crosses Susquehanna River at Tucquan, The 
Peters Creek formation was named by Eleanora Bliss Knopf and the 
writer because of typical exposures along Peters Creek, a trivutary 
to the Suscuehanna River near Peach Bottom Station, Lancaster County. 


The Wissahickon schist is an albitc-chlorite schist or gneiss 
interbedded with layers of chlorite-or muscovite-quartz schist. 
Other minerals usually present are calcite, epidote, garnet and 
magnetite, 


The Peters Creek formation consists of a quartzite and a chloritic 
Or sericitic schist. The quartzite is a white to light greenish gray, 
crystalline rock with some feldspar and muscovite. The schist is made 
up of bands of granular quartz between layers of sericite and 
Clinochlore, Masnetite is usually present, 


These schists are several thousand fcet thick and are widely 
exposed over the south half and much of the north half of the McCalls 
Ferry quadrangle, 


In the northerm part of the area are rocks which belong to 
younger geological periods, the Cambrian and-Ordovician, The Cambrian 
rocks were deposited on an old, smoothed-off, crosional surface of 
pre-Cambrian rocks. The oldest Cambrian rock exposed in this area is 


mt Hit 















¢ 


, poh AS , 







ee 







es 





uv s 
: ny Ae 
® | 
* 
_ 
by 
‘ 
J ) 
, 
\ 
~~ 4 
, 
‘ 
: 
\ 
, 
, ri 
> } 
t 
5 Hit ‘ 
vu ( ¥ 
a beet Pi Uy 
ih 
t in 44 
‘ : 
, ; iy Ne 
j 
F ¢ 
fitany ; 
} t 
Wh fi 


the Harpers albite schist, It is alight to Gark gray fine-grained 
rock composed of biotite, muscovite, quartz, albite and some calcite. 
Tourmaline needles are of frequent occurrenec, Towards its top the 
Harpers schist becomes more cuartzose aud calcareous and passes into 
the Antictam albite schist, the metamorphosed representative of 
Antietam sandstone. The Antictam calcareous schist grades upward into 
the gray Vintage dolomite. This dolomite or magnesian limestone is the 
basel member of the lower Cambrian limestone serics widely exposed 
north of the McCalls Ferry qurdrangle. The dolomite is granular, 
massive, blue to gray, cond weathers chrlky white. Some beds are 
thinner 2nd contain caltnreous blebs thot werther in relief. 


Crystalline limestone (marble) and black slate and limestone 
conglomerate overlie the Vintage dolomite. -The limestone is blue and 
Sparkling, with finer grained dense dark blue beds usually gashed with 
white calcite veins, ‘The black slate forms partings and thicker beds 
in the marble series, In some places mica has been developed on the 
partings, Pyrite is commonly present in crystals, sometimes in veins. 
This blue limestone series is Ordovician and mucn younger geologically 
than the Vintage dolomite beneath it, 


The rocks so far deseribed originated as sediments, Rocks known 
as igneous because they were once in a molten condition also occur in 
the area, The molten material cane up from lower down in the earth 
and fillec fissures in-the rocks. These fissure fillings are called 
dikes, In York County, near Peach Bottom, there is a small exposure 
of a dike rock called serpentine or soapstone. It is a crystalline 
schist which has been developed from an original magnesian silicate 
rock of igneous origin. The rock is light green to cream colored, 
sort with soapy feel and made‘’up laigely of the inineral steatite. 
Naturally the seryentine dike, ‘which represents the injection of 
molten material into a fissure, is younger than the Peters Creek 
SChist into which it is intruced, 


A more prominent and extensive dike cuts the rocks of this ares 
for 18 miles in a southwesterly direction from the‘nortiern e¢ge of 
the quadrangle through Rockhill on Conestoga Creek, through Pleasant 
Grove and Muddy Creek Torks. The rock of this dike is diabase, 
popularly known as trap, It weathers into round yellow-coated 
bowlders that strew the surface alone the course of the dixe, Diabase 
is @ grayish black crystalline rock composed of snarkling small laths 
of feldspar and black augite. It is the only rock of the region that 
has not been altered since it hardened, and is the voungest rock of 
De ares tor it cuts all the others, It is an offshoot of the great 
outpouring of Triassic lava that forms the Palisades of New York and 
New Jersey and crors out in many »vlaces in eastern Pennsylvania, 


Structure, 


When the rocks of this area were laid down on the sea bottoin as 
seciments they were in nearly horizontal beds, one layer above another, 
They were buried to a great depth by other seciments and while 50 
buried were compressed vertically by weight of rock cover, and were 
subjected also to a lateral pressure acting on them from the southeast, 


SE ae 


a 


is 
‘ 
le 
nN 


yew’ 
ey 
Wily? 


Y 
D 


ay! 





> 


the direction of the Atlantic Ocean. As a result of the pressure the 
rocks were throvm into a seyies of »varallel arches and troughs, and 
lifted above sea level, #rosion acting uoon the rocks has removed 

the covers of the arches and troughs, that we call anticlines and syn- 
clines, and has produced the irregular surface distribution of the 
rocks as we now see them. The linear direction in which the rocks 
trend is called the strike. In this area the rocks strixe for the 
most part southwest. In the valiey to the north the older rocks, 

the Harpers and Antietam schists, form hills that rise above the 
general level. The hills are anticlines and the intervening valleys 
of crystalline limestone are synclines. The Tucquan anticline with 
its axis at Tucquan is a large arch whose flanks are crumpled into 
smaller anticlines and synclines and these again are wrinkled until 
the smallest folds are of dimensions seen in the hanc specimen. The ’ 
Peters Creek syncline is south of the Tucouan anticline, and, like it, 
is composed of numerous minor folds. 


 tlateral pressure not only bends rocks into arches and troughs 
but may incline these folds to the point of overturning, The rocks 
may give way under the strain and break as well as bend. As the 
result of continued lateral pressure blocks of rocks or parts of the. 
earth's crust may be pushed over other blocks or parts, for short 
distances or for many miles. Such a break is called a thrust fault 
and the plane along which the rocks move is called the thrust plane. 
A thrust fault of considerable extent occurs in this area, ‘The 
pre-Cambrian Wissahickon schist has been pushed from the southeast 
over the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks of the limestone valley. ‘The 
trace of the fault plane on the surface is the sinuous northern 
boundary of the Wissahickon formation. North of this line the rocks 
that composed the overthrust-block have been removed by erosion. As 
erosion continues more of the overlying schist block will be removed 
and a greater extent of valley rocks will be uncovered, 


The McCalls Ferry quadrangle exhibits two areas fairly distinct 
topographically, a broad valley country between ‘Jashingtonboro and 
Willow Street, and a dissected upland in the rest of the quadrangle. 
Difference in solubility and hardness of the underlying rocks accounts 
for these features. The broad valley country is vnderlain by 
dolomite and crystalline limestone, rocks that aye more readily 
Soluble and not so harc as those in the rest of the tuadrangle. The 
general level of the higher hills in this broad valley is atout 400 
feet above sea level, ‘The sand hills that rise above the general 
level of the valley in Conestoga and Pequea tommships are vncerlain 
by the harder Antietam and Harpers schists. 

South of this limestone valley is a broad, well dissected upland, 
The hills in any part of this upland rise to a general level, buta 
Study of the topogradhic may shows that if the valleys were filled 
the general surface would be 3 wpm plain rising from an altituce 
of about 600 feet along the south side of the limestone valley to 
800-900 feet‘along the Tucquan anticline, or from Brogveville to 
Rawlinsville, and thence sloping gently to the southeast. Near Peach 
Bottom the upland is 400-450 feet above sea or about the same as in 
the limestone valley at Willow Street. 


Sy ek 





; i , 4 
Ch At | iia 
° ai i 
*) ji m3 
\ 
; \ 
” if 
’ 
‘ 
- 
| als ® yo ne 1) i ed 
4 ye a Wp) Gea ab a 
‘ 
q alee a es | 
} \ ' Ty nes 
t 
* ~ s ' 
an te say i ) iv? 
1 ai ‘ F \ 
if re. ee. 4 . 
MS ata vt ‘ , 
r va * > ! ‘ 
/ we 4 . as 
myn i . o 
‘ 
4 y 
vA _ ' 
N ) Py 
( it 
5 j \; 
i | e iv 
7 i" 
’ i i 
- 
’ 4 1 
‘ \ 
‘ ‘ 
| af ~ 
is \ 
x 
Af yf ‘ 
i 4 
ce iat 
} ts ee 
‘ 
‘ 
i & 
b 
{ rt" 
‘ ; i 
‘ 
i 14 
= H . 
( 
‘ f 
‘ 
2g \ , 
Wh H 
4 nr 
f 
. = ‘ 
¢ , 
ea 
x 
r 
t 
vf 
j 
5 4 
ul ‘ ' 
i y 
help 4 F ‘ 
j : i Dh 
i ys 
1 f ; 
i 4 
7 
* \ hy , 
aie rar - 
Pad 
af 
1 
i 
* ’ 
+ 
4 ) t 
\ “% 
4 # 
’ . 
7 sf s 
- h 4 
’ . 
i 2) 
tae 
‘ 
1 
i ‘ , ; 
1 ’ 
; 
j 
~ ‘ 


Roemer ice Me 











hie 
J y 
4 f yy 
Vu ee 
at \ 
2% } 
ba Ps 1 py 
on 1.0% 1 ~ 2 + 
“ ¢ 4 vole 
: 1 * 
4 v a. 
vo ee Nb 


Ny 1a 
y ‘ he 
th ' rs 
ty \ u 
7 : 
- 
tou Ft + 
} hy 
, ( 4% 
Wy I 
eA ty 
ie 
‘ er) 
woes 
r ~ 
* 
‘ S s 
‘ mae oft es 
7 
: eae 
wi ” ee 
ts + 
4 j ,, 
7 . 
4 . a 
i 
} 7 
} me 
‘ wae 
v y 
“ ' t 4 
; ‘ 4 “ 
t Ms: a 
i xi ' 
va ree 
ioe 
ype 
Ls ; 
’ a 
Ede , 
&® 
‘ “ 
‘ 
j Hi 3 
ah of 
i » b 
” 
: , a4 , 
i] 
oe 
YM % 
‘ 
J , 4 
i q 
we 
Mi t by A 
rr 4 k omy 
se) let ’ 













sg beste ue (aa a ey pny 
OT ae ANA 


Mea ba ~ eit i (re Bt : abe 


Pies 








a oy, { 
5 + oe be 





MT Are adage: Mee & et en 
Sa Li Onee nah Eph i dale 
‘ LJ 


i rs f 4 ’ 

a? a ae, ae Fs 

bo Wael ' ' Af i 
ee 
ih py hee) ‘ 
ey | ei? Se Wl 





‘ Pony an tere i Ye 
‘ Vice jag ral tt ay 
: Se hs Wh oily 






a 


Wh oF, 


This upland has been caused by the »resence of the ‘Yissahiclon 
and Peters Creek schists that art hard, compact, and not readily 
Soluble. The offect of erosion has been imuch slower on these schists 
than on tne limestone, and the difference in elevation between the 
plateau anc the valley is explained by the cifference in resistance 
of the underlying rocks. 


susquehania River flows southeastward across the trend of the 
rocks which'is northeast anc southwest. Streams that have lons been 
flowing over certain formations are influenced in their courses by 
the rélative position of yielcing ane resistant rocks, The accepted 
explanation for the lack of adjustment of Susauehanna River to the 
trend or strike of the rocks across which it flows is as follows: 
the river established its present course when the surface of this 
region was almost a plane that sloped gently to the southeast. This 
plane bevelled the rock structures ana the river course was determined 
by its slope. Consequentiy it now flows directiy across rock folds 
and overthrusts. 


Difference in hardness of the rocks across which it flows has 
determinec the width of the Suscuehanna River bed. It is widest near 
Washingtonboro where the valley is cut in soluble limestone, Through 
the Wissahickon schist, the harcest and most resistant of the rocks, 
the channel is narrow, and the valley sides are steeper. °1 The 
narrows below York Furnace and Tucquan have caused ice jams and high 
floods, The river widens again below Fites Eddy where it is eutting 
through the Peters Creex formation which is harder than limestone but 
not so resistant as the Wissahickon schist. 


Economic Peatures. 


Limestone, - The blue crystalline limestone belt in the northern 
part of the area contains valuable stone that might have a wide range 
of uses, as for building stone, ballast and road metal and for making 
dime and cement, Several quarries have been opened in the northern 
part of the quadrangle and the stone is used locally, but practical 
features restrict the development of the industry. 


In former years much lime was bummed locally for agricultural 
purposes. Old kilns still can be seen and are occasionaliy used in 
burning such lime as the neighborhood requires, At present the 
manufactured ‘oroduct can be bought so cheaply that burning of lime on 
the farm has declinec. 


Silver, - Along Silver Mine Run just north of Bumt Mills there 
is an old abandoned silver mine. ‘Work was begun 125 years ago and 4 
shaft sunk, connecting with a’tunnel 400 feet into the hill. The ore, 
Which is argentiferous galena, occurs in a quartz vein in marble, 
it is revorted that lenses of ore the size of a barrel were found but 
they Soon pinched out and no large ore body was discovered. 








i wi forth 
Por aa: Pura 
| uly ah ey Oe He) 
ea hay 8 4 
Wit & pmet Gage ate ta ad 
at he kote yj a aL) 
. 4 ‘ , 
; r ves tive We } ~ 
edie) Be Re NVR ATL SS eS 
uf \ Dae, | Dit 
: ’ ¥ f Xt 
eiv's ¥ iT c Li |) ear 
t : a) 
t j e } ' Wha 
q i aif ¥ 4 5 i 
' i | 
{ . 5 PY’ 
/ 
: \ ‘ i 
¥ i , 
' } 
/ 4\ vy 
‘ j ‘ 
- ay ? A 
4 } M , 
‘ \ ‘ fi 4 \ ¥ 
yar } : 
nh) 
\ mich ty ) 
‘ AUT } 
" ( 4 
‘ ' 5 { 
? [Pay « 
\ 4 
‘ , " 
: ey 
: \ 
‘i { 
i , 
ack } fj 
' 
{ 
‘ 
\ 
{ 
; 
i - : Pa) 
r tl . ey 
: i \) 
4 
4 i 
4 . t 
4 . 
\ 
; ‘ 
\ , 
4“ I ; 
" ‘ ‘ i } 
> Py vi 
1 { 
j { 
j 
. 
; 
( / ( 48 
if 
. - f i 
~~ ' t fj 
‘| 
" \ { ye 
‘ eee ; 
} 
‘ 
’ ~- } ny vif 
> j 
t 
, i , 
& \ { 1 { - 
: i sod Li 
i H| ba 
f 
, 
{ . : { 2 
ee 
{ ; } + ry 
¢ aa “ i ’ j 
i Pyra Wana 
"4% ' r 
f f r 
j J : 
is , 
. vba 
F | Laie Py an a ly 
nis 4 bate iy nak Oe Loy) ae 
Be a Ma ay “ 
ay 
Wu) y 
t Pitny” u ‘ 





7 Pixs 
j 
r 
\) A ‘ 
‘ | } 4 
( j 
\4 ( y ‘ 
| ‘ ew 
; j { 
j ; i | } 
‘ uf we 
i ' ; 
{ 
i ' 
it 
{o/h} i 
F Petites 
py elty : 
s 
} 
' ; BPs VLAN Y 
ii a ae WJ 
f n ' LW L Al 
bi : ) 1 
f } ' iy yey 4 











ett et 
i NWSE I 
Wy Fy Seat 











in ‘i 


int 








Y ny 
Ha We 





tw 























4 ) 
y uy 
\\ 
w ot 
' ‘ rt 
Ny 
_ bth 
H 
x) 
t 
i 
ie 
rr 
Depo 
t 
i 4\4 4 
\ é t , y bignlt oe yep a Aes) Hike 
Ree Yn rau pny A | mu Ry ions 
Wil. nd ’ 
‘ ‘ 1 \ 
LIANE Lots 
” 
‘ ' "\ f 
i { 
\ j i 
ea 1 
ay 4 Ti } \ { h 
i ‘ j 
Uy 
ie 4 4 
\ 
\ i uh i 
; Wha 1 
; Mod | 
ek | f ps6 5 Ht Waid i, 
’ 6 py ; va 
{ 
i ‘ Thy, ’ 
‘ ») 
t vy ih 4 ' , 
: ' i 
beiict 
iy p EN 
‘ . : (ep nV A 
Noni it iy i MA Re 
i 7 p 
‘ ; Ria YY 
{ " "wy 
*) 4 ( 
y} 
} WW 4 
) tO ee 
My ' 
vn ; | n bi 
} 7 
\ f ) 
MINOW 
} it i 
Bude! iy Aa wie 
i 
Ai 
4 ra re ey 
i " ' 
4 
? f 
‘ Ahad ite 
i] 4 
/ 
{ ] wee \ { / y 
ay i 
Mo Waa ee 
ty i) . 
{ i iil 
‘ e/ A eo Ny 
t ai (ot 4) 
"Uh aval Ae } yi hae 
| ; aches } ‘ rena a ii by NT eae a Mii 
[ “ A A) t PA Meet j rh \We ey List pt bab ye 
DW aes ye An hah bi AeA a / Po sa WAC ile oh 
‘ y 1 
: | f 
; j ti pg i 
{ Ligy iv Wh) va 
} 4 Ei mien, Oe 
wef , yt 
" } AVE AV Ae sh ins v 
wid ay I Or, aN te es ay RA } 








Iron. ~ There is considerable magnetite in the Cambrian schists 


west of Burnt Mills. In 1903 an unsuccessful attempt was made to mine 
this magnetite, 


Limonite occurring in limestone has been mined at several places, 
The largest mines were the Grubb ore banks east of Shenks Ferry. 
They were operated from 1840 to 1885. ‘The best ore was removed, and 
the remaining deposits are believed to be small. At least, present 
conditions ado not warrant mining of the known Geposits. 


i, he 












4 
’ ; : * 
4 i) 
ye 
( cer be ak) et 
y . Mu \ § ey Oi, y pv! 
oa) j - Ae Sy tex a Yt tue et? } "© an YY ¥ i if oP sae oh ore 
; uM : V A ‘ Me a . 


eet wwe 0 pure 
iO RN DONO gett 2 












ait gn Se ve 4 
wm tae oh ad eT wa WE PO RP ¥ 
: Pear SE t TR Cae ae pee ‘he: my 
’ ‘ ‘ ‘ « 
: 5 z ee ae) : 
P 4 . P \e - Lig 
K: : 4 ‘ nae Ph be ee 8 
d > i i P } ts pe ae 
* : , " Ne Py ie si 4 
; a Ath OM, U ' a Tithe ai 
@ Aa aie Ae L ae 
4 : 
f 
' 
ni 
{ te J 
‘ 
\ ’ 
H 
i rH 
‘ j 
1 i) A 
y i 
‘ 
; 
7 ry 
a 
’ i 
j 
i 
i 
. 
‘1 
‘ ' 
j 
‘ } 
’ : 
r 
\ 
AL af ‘ 
i 
i 
' ‘ere 
‘ 
i 
; i 
f Ea a wl , ‘i 
Pe SPY ote alah gk r 
} 4 
; j ' 
Ae Peake 
) 4 V7 
A 
. f ‘ F 4s i{ i} i 
y \ rie Wy f 
j y ANN the ; 
| as hi 
- av 
& 
: | r ‘vi hat ACAPTRUA tt ee y uh eit ‘ i fa; ASAE hg ; 1 
» { } iv) Vee OV) MP te) unity Hf tay a gary eat AT ek! "t tt i VANS bey 
' ii } 2 Pri * aya : F oda if an we tae) 
U yY bs ‘ Dog ep re he cop igs ma) 4 es ae m te qed 4) Bids 
pda 
; ’ 5 bas 4 he Zs ( oy od { 
7 a : iy) 
fea Pe as Tala PAG AEE ae Abbie f 
‘ "4 eA MR a ern | BE LA RNIN EHTS MRE Att 
fi i : a! : a, (P » tay Ty) et 
Y i TRAC RAO eS alt rtd ; Amin ¢ ny ny 
4 | i 1 AS F ‘Oats \ i ? Me ws ama 4 aia 
i ono ee 2 Pet Ali v Payee ae 





GEOLOGY OF THE eee esee BERRY QUADRANGLE 


\ MA Washingionbore ‘ pare Diana On a (ie ey A IT eee x 


Mitt terswi i¢ n 43 oe 
(rd nel ha Me he i veel - — 
: ——— wl geey ete orb! ty e ae rH wh, ca ie Seals pe 
oe A PANO OL 











\ + st "ak L ye id ‘ % 
ln domewlior- a oad meee ene state a A j ' Leal Soe We 
9 fap ete Ae ee ENE 1 * 3 a! se ra ee es Ret ys a ~ad West Wille 
a i] 


resswell Stra‘ 








Go ree 2s se 





> A / ae i PR 
Brie wii 2 4, Sah. Bh ntal tam hl ote, | TLS Mt ot Nas oo tia ith 
a “ae Rp Sole arto sh YL LORIN Bn NEO Se 
Re ‘>, fa mie Pt th LE LY Fis aie Py ead t tee 
~ SSL. wat a pd ee ey ! Me / pid / ¥ 7 me : fo a 
merry Ri = ak cha iL 5 fy 















: F BA i 
ik, ; ‘ } 
"New Bridgeville \ ACL aa 
rN eatery 3a \ 
- ~ i 
7 “ Colmansy te 
/ “V pa 
Shenks Fires eat ) 
ar? \ 
Z i gt” | 
vee 44 i i 
ra S Wey anil + pete ‘a ie 
reguevilie [ee York og 
: ae 
; slp a# 
| agrercetors_/ “a 
fe 








iryilte 
x 


\ 
\xcot 


~ Kyiesville 


ee ¢ Neeacieran : 





(noedioin Ft py 
heer) 


ogh Bien 


lat A ESS Nokisity Mi y- ® 
4) eae a tae 


Ay \ 


ahs) + er th ae, wt, 
1c / gttan. ih “SA ‘ 4h SN ak EB eine ge: 
vy ait ,; Na Ee yonsville Soares 
Pema lrs, a ts *) . ef? “?* 
& XPLANATION 
AMAR Side biter, OVS FX POC HS 


a esneniieemeeminel ametion | obecuanand 


FRAISIC PRE CAMARIAN Feute 


LOVVE WR. CAM iS Aa ! Al 


SEOMENTAGY Re ROCKS 


aCe Perens omy eee a wwe [oe] 
| (LZ So} ese gh 5 esa = Sete Poe t Be acs 


Primate: SS ee Poe a aaadnny hl 
— krenesiong Aniiitam a perce Guarizge & Altvte Rov Serpentine & 

(net doskanwihea ) Chlikite Setlst Wadehizken Schi 4) Maryarle Dy nba Soa sto 2 

" Baty, s $ > 0 a 

hin part Grdovician ‘ ih Aertel SCALE 3 


( re 2 GMICES 
BUSY 7 20s “eEar gp ae Ne ar 3 a i. Sears er 






















TSN 
ad RAMA he to AF 7 | 

















iim 
* i ; \ : : 
; Sat eric Tae 1 ra 
y f q AY 4 
‘ ; 2 Vee ee aa 8 
; TOTO ELIT 
{ ‘ Riv Tid ‘ a , ; 
td » r 
: ' AY ¢ f 
: { 
| 
y § i a : ' " 
‘ ' ‘ . ‘’ ray | : 89 , Si wy 
j ter ; ‘ 
wy 4 A SiN, } 
- : Ae,» ere i As! - ition ah Tee i 
f \ , ; ? ‘ ! f ity 
be 4 / iy ’ , } \ \ } Ay | NEE } ae 
y * ™ ‘ 
+e" “ iwaned ; 
vi ‘J d 
4 : 
; \ ih t 
i - J 1 
ve 
4 \ 
‘ v, ae 
} Lal Fy 
ah 
2 ’ ‘ 
A 
vi 
mt DE a ; 
Pry, 43 ' “4 
is 
~ 
wy 
‘ Wes : 
; ng 
\ 
' 
, i 
fy ik N 
tty ’ t 
hae 
‘ ; 
‘ 4 e ‘ 
: i 
R ; 
\ 
: 4 
t ND the \w N 
b 1 alla ! 
Th 
i 
ay) 
4 
be al we f' . 
ise Bi 
; 
Cite Be il ’ 
‘ 
ie 
- 
WW ” 
, Oh audi 
, 
f n 
¥ 
- 
\ 
yp 
‘ fi! 
” * 
ae 
fs 
sine t 
ff 
F 
@ od 
cr ‘ 
rs 4, 
% w i 
A oat J 3/04 r : 
\ Aye 1a i 
4) a gy : : 
} j 
a ; 
‘ 
iis 
Hi ‘ 
My Se 
: v 
hcail 
SaWe 
} ahs we 
a tie NE 
/ f 
fi, 
“ a” : y ' ana Pa Ae i 
Bui) i ie iyi an CaS sane me i eee 
ote ee) Mi i 
; 0 HY Lod) Operate  ada 
oh \ y sity Mat Mae PAT 
» Medea > Ay 


{ ; 3 
| } 
\ 
; a 
| Wing! 1 . 
1 , 
1 
‘ 
iy » of 
{ i yi 
| | , i" 


